Direct Structure Course
تتشكل الكلمات من حروف الهجاء
Lettersالحروف
رقم
N0 الحروف الكبيرة
Capita letters الحروف الصغيرة
Small letters رقم
N0 الحروف الكبيرة
Capital letters الحروف الصغيرة
Small letters
1 A a 14 N n
2 B b 15 O o
3 C c 16 P p
4 D d 17 Q q
5 E e 18 R r
6 F f 19 S s
7 G g 20 T t
8 H h 21 U u
9 I i 22 V v
10 J j 23 W w
11 K k 24 X x
12 L l 25 Y y
13 M m 26 Z Z
الحروف نوعان
a)-Consonants الحروف الساكنة: b)-Vowels :الحروف المتحركة
b – c – d – f – g – h – j – k – l – m -n ( a, e, i ,o ,u )
p – q – r – s – t – v – w – x – y – z
Capital letters are used :تستعمل الحروف الكبيرة في المواضع التالية
– في أول الجملةHe is my brother.
– في أول أسماء الأشخاص – Salem- Mary – Ahmad
– في أول أسماء البلدان – France – America – Kuwait
– في أول أسماء المدن – Cairo – Beirut- Salmiya London
– في أول أسماء الشوارع Gulf Street – Fahd Al Salem Street ٍ
– في أول أسماء الألقاب Dr.- Mr. – Miss – Mrs. – في أول أسماء اللغات Arabic – English – French
– في أول أسماء الأيامSaturday – Sunday – Monday – Tuesday
– في أول أسماء الشهور January – February – March – April –
PARTS OF SPEECHأنواع الكلمات
1)-NOUNS الأسماء
Singular :الاسم المفرد Plural :الاسم الجمع
A book books
A cat cats
A dog +s dogs
A hat hats
A lamp lamps
A table tables
An apple apples
An orange oranges
An Arab +s Arabs
An eye eyes
Irregular Pluralsالجمع غير النظامي
Singularالمفرد Pluralالجمع
A man men
A woman women
A child children
A foot feet
A goose geese
A louse lice
A tooth teeth
A mouse mice
An ox oxen
Uncountable Nouns أسماء ليس لها جمع عادة
Examples:
Salt – sugar – rice – powder – tea – coffee – oil – butter
Flour – milk – money – air – gas – petrol – iron – glass – plastic
Sheep – fish – deer….etc. ( liquid or fine “ powder” )
A)-Words used with countable nouns: كلمات تستعمل مع أسماء الجمع
many – few – a few – a number of – a lot of – some – ten , etc.
B)-Words used with uncountable nouns :كلمات تستخدم مع أسماء لا تجمع
much – little – some – plenty of – a sum of – a box of – a packet of – a lot of , etc.
Articles الأدوات
Indefinite articles:أداتا التنكير Definite Article:أداة التعريف
a+an>singular countable noun only. the > singular or plural
examples: a man / an egg Countable or uncountable
examples :The book
The books
The milk
The sugar
Personal Pronounsالضمائر الشخصية
Subject ضمائر الفاعل ( في أول الجملة ) Object ضمائر المفعول به ( بعد الفعل / حرف الجر )
Singularمفرد Plural جمع Singularمفرد Plural جمع
I We Me us
You You You you
He They Him them
She They Her them
It They It them
ضمائر الملكية
Possessive adjectives
صفات الملكية( قبل الاسم الموصوف) Possessive Pronouns
ضمائر الملكية(لا يذكر معها الاسم الموصوف)
Singularمفرد Plural جمع Singularمفرد Plural جمع
My father our father mine ours
Your book your books yours yours
His hair their hair his theirs
Her dress their dresses hers theirs
Its tail their tails its theirs
The Reflexive Pronouns الضمائرالانعكاسية The Demonstrative Pronounsضمائر الإشارة
Singularمفرد Plural جمع Singularمفرد Plural جمع
myself ourselves This These
yourself yourselves That Those
himself themselves ضمائر أخرى
herself themselves one ones
itself themselves some, other, others, the first, the latter ..etc.
ضمائر الوصل
whoالذي , التي,الذين whose الذي whom الذي Whichالتي , الذي
that الذي , التي whereحيث when عندما
PREPOSITIONSحروف الجر
to – from – at – in – on – over – up – down – after – before -for – by with…..etc .
Example : Hamad went from Kuwait to Jahra on foot.
ADJECTIVES ( short )الصفات القصيرة
Ordinaryعادية Comparativeمقارنة Superlativeتفضيل
tall taller (than) (the) tallest
short shorter shortest
high higher highest
long longer longest
wide wider widest
rich richer richest
poor +er poorer +est poorest
cheap cheaper cheapest
narrow narrower narrowest
light lighter lightest
heavy heavier heaviest
fast faster fastest
slow slower slowest
Examples : Ali is tall. Sami is taller than Ali. Ahmad is the tallest boy.
ADJECTIVES ( long )الصفات الطويلة
Ordinary عادية Comparativeمقارنة Superlative تفضيل
beautiful more beautiful(than) (the)most beautiful
interesting more………….. the most………..
wonderful more………….. the most………..
fantastic more………….. the most………..
expensive more………….. the most………..
possible more………….. the most………..
Examples :
This is a beautiful picture. That picture is more beautiful than the
first one.
Here is the most beautiful picture in the album .
ADJECTIVES ( Irregular)الصفات غير النظامية
Ordinaryعادية Comparativeمقارنة Superlativeتفضيل
1.good better ( than ) ( the )best
2.well better………. …… best
3.bad worse ……… ……..worst
4.much more ………. …… most
5.little less ……….. …… least
6.far farther…….. ……farthest
further…….. ……furthest
Examples :1. Bill is a bad boy.
2. Tim is worse than Bill.
3. Jack is the worst boy in the class.
ENGLISH VERBSالأفعال الإنجليزية
Some Regular Verbsبعض الأفعال النظامية ( القياسية ) و هي كل الأفعال ما عدا الشاذة منها
No Infinitive
أصل الفعل Past
الماض Past P. التصريف الثالث No Infinitive
أصل الفعل Past
الماض Past P. التصريف الثالث
walkيمشي walked walked
washيغسل washed washed
visit يزور visited visited
watchيراقب watched watched
Play يلعب played played
postيرسل بالبريد posted posted
Pray يصلي prayed prayed
rainتمطر rained rained
paintيرسم painted painted
cleanينظف cleaned cleaned
openيفتح opened opened
closeيغلق closed closed
ask يسأل asked asked
fixيثبت- يصلح fixed fixed
killيقتل killed killed9
repairيصلح repaired repaired
huntيصطاد hunted hunted
rentيستأجر rented rented
enterيدخل entered entered
hireيستأجر hired hired
coverيغطي covered covered
1.a) I walk to school every day.
b) I walked to school yesterday.
c) I have walked from here to Kuwait Towers.
الأفعال الشاذة ( اللاقياسية )
THE MOST COMMON IRREGULAR ENGLISH VERBS
No Present Past Past Part. No Present Past Past Part.
am,is are was ,were,been يكون
lightيشعل,يضئ lit Lit
loseيضيع lost Lost
beat يضرب beat beaten
makeيصنع made made
become يصبح became become
meanيعني meant meant
beginيبدأ began begun
meetيقابل met met
bend ينحني bent bent
misleadيضل misled misled
betيراهن bet bet
mistakeيخطئ mistook mistaken
bindيربط bound bound
overcomeيتغلبعلى overcame overcome
biteيعض bit bitten
Overtake يتجاوز overtook overtaken
bleedينـزف bled bled
payيدفع(ثمن) paid paid
blowينفخ, يهب blew blown
putيضع put put
breakيكسر broke broken
readيقرأ read read
breedيربي bred bred
rebuildيعـيد بناء rebuilt rebuilt
rideيركب rode ridden
broadcastيذيع broadcast broadcast
ringيرن rang rung
buildيبني built built
Riseينهض ,يشرق rose risen
burstينفجر burst burst
runيركض ran run
buyيشتري bought bought
sayيقول said said
castيرمي cast Cast
seeيرى saw seen
catchيمسك caught caught
sellيبيع sold sold
chooseيختار chose chosen
sendيرسل sent sent
shakeيهز shook shaken
costيكلف cost cost
shootيطلق(النار) shot shot
creepيزحف crept crept
shutيغلق shut shut
cutيقطع cut cut
sinkيغرق sank sunk
dealيتعامل dealt dealt
sitيجلس sat sat
digيحفر dug dug
sleepينام slept slept
doيفعل did done
slideينـزلق slid slid
drawيسحب drew drawn
smellيشم smelt smelt
drinkيشرب drank drunk
speakيتكلم spoke spoken
driveيسوق drove driven
spendينفق,يقضي spent spent
eatيأكل ate eaten
spillيريق spilt spilt
fallيسقط fell fallen
spinيدور span spun
feedيطعم fed fed
spitيبصق spat spat
feelيشعر felt felt
splitينشق split split
fightيقاتل fought fought
spreadينتشر spread spread
findيجد found found
Springيقفز sprang sprung
flyيطيـر flew flown
standيقف stood stood
forgetينسى forgot forgotten
stealيسرق stole stolen
forgiveيسامح forgave forgiven
stickيلصق stuck stuck
freezeيتجمد froze frozen
stingيقرص stung stung
getيحصل على got got
strikeيضرب struck struck
giveيعطي gave given
striveيناضل strove striven
goيذهب went gone
swearيحلف swore sworn
grindيطحن ground ground
swellيتورم swelled swollen
growيزرع.ينمو grew grown
swimيسبح swam swum
have,hasيملك had had
takeيأخذ took taken
hearيسمع heard heard
teachيعلم taught taught
hideيختبئ يخفي hid hidden
Tearيمـزق tore torn
hitيضرب hit hit
tellيخبر told told
holdيمسك held held
thinkيفكر thought thought
hurtيؤذي hurt hurt
throwيرمي threw thrown
keepيحفظ kept kept
treadيدوس trod trodden
kneelيركع knelt knelt
understandيفهم understood understood
knowيعرف knew known
undertakeيتعهد undertook undertaken
upsetيزعج upset upset
leadيقود led led
wakeيوقظ,يستيقظ woke woken
leaveيترك left left
wearيلبس wore worn
lendيعير,يقترض lent lent
weepيبكي wept wept
letيدع .يترك let let
winيكسب won won
lieيستلقي lay lain
writeيكتب wrote written
The anomalous Verbs الأفعال الخاصة ( المساعدة )
Infinitive أصل الفعل Present المضارع Past الماضي Past Participle التصريف الثالث
1.Do يفعل do – does did Done
2.be يكون am – is – are was – were been
3.have يملك have – has had had
4.shall -willسوف shall – will should – would
5.canيستطيع can could
6.mayيمكن may might
7.mustيجب must = ( had to )
8.ought (to)ينبغي ought
Sentence buildingبناء الجملة الإنجليزية
تكملة الجملة الفعل الفاعل المفعول به الفعل الفاعل
A)Subject – verb – object . ( OR ) B)Subject – verb -complement
Ali likes milk . Fahd is my brother.
تتشكل الكلمات من حروف الهجاء
Lettersالحروف
رقم
N0 الحروف الكبيرة
Capita letters الحروف الصغيرة
Small letters رقم
N0 الحروف الكبيرة
Capital letters الحروف الصغيرة
Small letters
1 A a 14 N n
2 B b 15 O o
3 C c 16 P p
4 D d 17 Q q
5 E e 18 R r
6 F f 19 S s
7 G g 20 T t
8 H h 21 U u
9 I i 22 V v
10 J j 23 W w
11 K k 24 X x
12 L l 25 Y y
13 M m 26 Z Z
الحروف نوعان
a)-Consonants الحروف الساكنة: b)-Vowels :الحروف المتحركة
b – c – d – f – g – h – j – k – l – m -n ( a, e, i ,o ,u )
p – q – r – s – t – v – w – x – y – z
Capital letters are used :تستعمل الحروف الكبيرة في المواضع التالية
– في أول الجملةHe is my brother.
– في أول أسماء الأشخاص – Salem- Mary – Ahmad
– في أول أسماء البلدان – France – America – Kuwait
– في أول أسماء المدن – Cairo – Beirut- Salmiya London
– في أول أسماء الشوارع Gulf Street – Fahd Al Salem Street ٍ
– في أول أسماء الألقاب Dr.- Mr. – Miss – Mrs. – في أول أسماء اللغات Arabic – English – French
– في أول أسماء الأيامSaturday – Sunday – Monday – Tuesday
– في أول أسماء الشهور January – February – March – April –
PARTS OF SPEECHأنواع الكلمات
1)-NOUNS الأسماء
Singular :الاسم المفرد Plural :الاسم الجمع
A book books
A cat cats
A dog +s dogs
A hat hats
A lamp lamps
A table tables
An apple apples
An orange oranges
An Arab +s Arabs
An eye eyes
Irregular Pluralsالجمع غير النظامي
Singularالمفرد Pluralالجمع
A man men
A woman women
A child children
A foot feet
A goose geese
A louse lice
A tooth teeth
A mouse mice
An ox oxen
Uncountable Nouns أسماء ليس لها جمع عادة
Examples:
Salt – sugar – rice – powder – tea – coffee – oil – butter
Flour – milk – money – air – gas – petrol – iron – glass – plastic
Sheep – fish – deer….etc. ( liquid or fine “ powder” )
A)-Words used with countable nouns: كلمات تستعمل مع أسماء الجمع
many – few – a few – a number of – a lot of – some – ten , etc.
B)-Words used with uncountable nouns :كلمات تستخدم مع أسماء لا تجمع
much – little – some – plenty of – a sum of – a box of – a packet of – a lot of , etc.
Articles الأدوات
Indefinite articles:أداتا التنكير Definite Article:أداة التعريف
a+an>singular countable noun only. the > singular or plural
examples: a man / an egg Countable or uncountable
examples :The book
The books
The milk
The sugar
Personal Pronounsالضمائر الشخصية
Subject ضمائر الفاعل ( في أول الجملة ) Object ضمائر المفعول به ( بعد الفعل / حرف الجر )
Singularمفرد Plural جمع Singularمفرد Plural جمع
I We Me us
You You You you
He They Him them
She They Her them
It They It them
ضمائر الملكية
Possessive adjectives
صفات الملكية( قبل الاسم الموصوف) Possessive Pronouns
ضمائر الملكية(لا يذكر معها الاسم الموصوف)
Singularمفرد Plural جمع Singularمفرد Plural جمع
My father our father mine ours
Your book your books yours yours
His hair their hair his theirs
Her dress their dresses hers theirs
Its tail their tails its theirs
The Reflexive Pronouns الضمائرالانعكاسية The Demonstrative Pronounsضمائر الإشارة
Singularمفرد Plural جمع Singularمفرد Plural جمع
myself ourselves This These
yourself yourselves That Those
himself themselves ضمائر أخرى
herself themselves one ones
itself themselves some, other, others, the first, the latter ..etc.
ضمائر الوصل
whoالذي , التي,الذين whose الذي whom الذي Whichالتي , الذي
that الذي , التي whereحيث when عندما
PREPOSITIONSحروف الجر
to – from – at – in – on – over – up – down – after – before -for – by with…..etc .
Example : Hamad went from Kuwait to Jahra on foot.
ADJECTIVES ( short )الصفات القصيرة
Ordinaryعادية Comparativeمقارنة Superlativeتفضيل
tall taller (than) (the) tallest
short shorter shortest
high higher highest
long longer longest
wide wider widest
rich richer richest
poor +er poorer +est poorest
cheap cheaper cheapest
narrow narrower narrowest
light lighter lightest
heavy heavier heaviest
fast faster fastest
slow slower slowest
Examples : Ali is tall. Sami is taller than Ali. Ahmad is the tallest boy.
ADJECTIVES ( long )الصفات الطويلة
Ordinary عادية Comparativeمقارنة Superlative تفضيل
beautiful more beautiful(than) (the)most beautiful
interesting more………….. the most………..
wonderful more………….. the most………..
fantastic more………….. the most………..
expensive more………….. the most………..
possible more………….. the most………..
Examples :
This is a beautiful picture. That picture is more beautiful than the
first one.
Here is the most beautiful picture in the album .
ADJECTIVES ( Irregular)الصفات غير النظامية
Ordinaryعادية Comparativeمقارنة Superlativeتفضيل
1.good better ( than ) ( the )best
2.well better………. …… best
3.bad worse ……… ……..worst
4.much more ………. …… most
5.little less ……….. …… least
6.far farther…….. ……farthest
further…….. ……furthest
Examples :1. Bill is a bad boy.
2. Tim is worse than Bill.
3. Jack is the worst boy in the class.
ENGLISH VERBSالأفعال الإنجليزية
Some Regular Verbsبعض الأفعال النظامية ( القياسية ) و هي كل الأفعال ما عدا الشاذة منها
No Infinitive
أصل الفعل Past
الماض Past P. التصريف الثالث No Infinitive
أصل الفعل Past
الماض Past P. التصريف الثالث
walkيمشي walked walked
washيغسل washed washed
visit يزور visited visited
watchيراقب watched watched
Play يلعب played played
postيرسل بالبريد posted posted
Pray يصلي prayed prayed
rainتمطر rained rained
paintيرسم painted painted
cleanينظف cleaned cleaned
openيفتح opened opened
closeيغلق closed closed
ask يسأل asked asked
fixيثبت- يصلح fixed fixed
killيقتل killed killed9
repairيصلح repaired repaired
huntيصطاد hunted hunted
rentيستأجر rented rented
enterيدخل entered entered
hireيستأجر hired hired
coverيغطي covered covered
1.a) I walk to school every day.
b) I walked to school yesterday.
c) I have walked from here to Kuwait Towers.
الأفعال الشاذة ( اللاقياسية )
THE MOST COMMON IRREGULAR ENGLISH VERBS
No Present Past Past Part. No Present Past Past Part.
am,is are was ,were,been يكون
lightيشعل,يضئ lit Lit
loseيضيع lost Lost
beat يضرب beat beaten
makeيصنع made made
become يصبح became become
meanيعني meant meant
beginيبدأ began begun
meetيقابل met met
bend ينحني bent bent
misleadيضل misled misled
betيراهن bet bet
mistakeيخطئ mistook mistaken
bindيربط bound bound
overcomeيتغلبعلى overcame overcome
biteيعض bit bitten
Overtake يتجاوز overtook overtaken
bleedينـزف bled bled
payيدفع(ثمن) paid paid
blowينفخ, يهب blew blown
putيضع put put
breakيكسر broke broken
readيقرأ read read
breedيربي bred bred
rebuildيعـيد بناء rebuilt rebuilt
rideيركب rode ridden
broadcastيذيع broadcast broadcast
ringيرن rang rung
buildيبني built built
Riseينهض ,يشرق rose risen
burstينفجر burst burst
runيركض ran run
buyيشتري bought bought
sayيقول said said
castيرمي cast Cast
seeيرى saw seen
catchيمسك caught caught
sellيبيع sold sold
chooseيختار chose chosen
sendيرسل sent sent
shakeيهز shook shaken
costيكلف cost cost
shootيطلق(النار) shot shot
creepيزحف crept crept
shutيغلق shut shut
cutيقطع cut cut
sinkيغرق sank sunk
dealيتعامل dealt dealt
sitيجلس sat sat
digيحفر dug dug
sleepينام slept slept
doيفعل did done
slideينـزلق slid slid
drawيسحب drew drawn
smellيشم smelt smelt
drinkيشرب drank drunk
speakيتكلم spoke spoken
driveيسوق drove driven
spendينفق,يقضي spent spent
eatيأكل ate eaten
spillيريق spilt spilt
fallيسقط fell fallen
spinيدور span spun
feedيطعم fed fed
spitيبصق spat spat
feelيشعر felt felt
splitينشق split split
fightيقاتل fought fought
spreadينتشر spread spread
findيجد found found
Springيقفز sprang sprung
flyيطيـر flew flown
standيقف stood stood
forgetينسى forgot forgotten
stealيسرق stole stolen
forgiveيسامح forgave forgiven
stickيلصق stuck stuck
freezeيتجمد froze frozen
stingيقرص stung stung
getيحصل على got got
strikeيضرب struck struck
giveيعطي gave given
striveيناضل strove striven
goيذهب went gone
swearيحلف swore sworn
grindيطحن ground ground
swellيتورم swelled swollen
growيزرع.ينمو grew grown
swimيسبح swam swum
have,hasيملك had had
takeيأخذ took taken
hearيسمع heard heard
teachيعلم taught taught
hideيختبئ يخفي hid hidden
Tearيمـزق tore torn
hitيضرب hit hit
tellيخبر told told
holdيمسك held held
thinkيفكر thought thought
hurtيؤذي hurt hurt
throwيرمي threw thrown
keepيحفظ kept kept
treadيدوس trod trodden
kneelيركع knelt knelt
understandيفهم understood understood
knowيعرف knew known
undertakeيتعهد undertook undertaken
upsetيزعج upset upset
leadيقود led led
wakeيوقظ,يستيقظ woke woken
leaveيترك left left
wearيلبس wore worn
lendيعير,يقترض lent lent
weepيبكي wept wept
letيدع .يترك let let
winيكسب won won
lieيستلقي lay lain
writeيكتب wrote written
The anomalous Verbs الأفعال الخاصة ( المساعدة )
Infinitive أصل الفعل Present المضارع Past الماضي Past Participle التصريف الثالث
1.Do يفعل do – does did Done
2.be يكون am – is – are was – were been
3.have يملك have – has had had
4.shall -willسوف shall – will should – would
5.canيستطيع can could
6.mayيمكن may might
7.mustيجب must = ( had to )
8.ought (to)ينبغي ought
Sentence buildingبناء الجملة الإنجليزية
تكملة الجملة الفعل الفاعل المفعول به الفعل الفاعل
A)Subject – verb – object . ( OR ) B)Subject – verb -complement
Ali likes milk . Fahd is my brother.